SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN SYNTACTIC TYPE (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES)

Abstract

The Indo-European syntactic system is very stable. This explains the fact that the Spanish and the Ukrainian, originating from a unique linguistic base, in their syntactic structure have a considerable number of common features. The syntactic similarity of comparative languages is manifested of the group of words, sentences and their elements.

According to the classification criteria in the languages above mentioned there are a lot of syntactic similarities: are distinguished similar sentence members which are expressed by similar morphological modes. In both languages the order of the words in the sentence are very similar too. Both investigated languages are characterized by the common modes of expression of syntactic relationships and by similar links in word groups.

The structure of simple and compound sentences also seems in both languages. Also there are simple and compound sentences, which are subdivided into coordinated and subordinated ones. On the other hand, each of the compared languages has its own distinctive features of the formal, semantic and functional deep level, which is explained by the specific national character of each of the studied languages.

In the comparative languages, the group of words, as a succession of two or more significant words linked semantically and grammatically, represents the complex denomination of the phenomena of the reality. It is one of the very important syntactic units, with which we can build the sentences. In both languages there are a lot of isomorphic characters referring to groups of words.

In relation to the degree of fusion of its components, the groups of words can be free or fixed. Thus in the groups of free words the lexical meanings of their constituents are conserved. They differ from the fixed ones whose components lose their lexical dependence. The fixed groups are divided into the dependents syntactically and phraseologically. In the comparative languages, the dependent groups syntactically perform a unique syntactic function. They do not split, one of its components is relaxed lexically.

The complex character of groups of words can be achieved isomorphically in a similar way: by the amplification of the simple group with a dependent word, by the unification of the nucleus by a simple dependent group, by means of two grammatically dependent elements, by the extension of the direct object.

__________________

Referencias

1. Anna G. Ramat, Paolo Ramat. Las lenguas indoeuropeas (Madrid, Ed. Cátedra, 1995).
2. Byron,Theodora. Historical Linguistics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1977).
3. Clackson,James. Indo-European linguistics: An introduction (London, Cambridge University Press, 2007).
4. Lyovin,Anatole V. An Introduction to the Languages of the World (New York, Oxford University Press, 1997).
5. McMahon,April. Understending Lenguages (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994).
6. Milroy,James. Linguistic Variation and Change (Blackwell, 1992).