LINGUISTIC MEANS AS WAYS OF REPRESENTING LINGUOCULTURE IN AUDIOVISUAL SUBTITLING

Abstract

The article examines linguistic means of representing linguoculture in the Ukrainian subtitling of Spanish-language audiovisual texts. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to reproduce culturally marked information under the temporal and spatial constraints of subtitling while preserving the pragmatic potential of the original. The aim is to identify the main linguistic means of representing linguoculture and to establish the specific features of their reproduction in Ukrainian subtitles. The study is based on the first two episodes of the Spanish-language series “Berlin”. The analysis focuses on culturally marked vocabulary, realia, anthroponyms, gastronomic nominations, phraseological units, humor, cultural and historical allusions, and other pragmatically marked linguistic means. The findings demonstrate that translating such units requires consideration not only of their denotative meaning but also of their cultural connotations, emotional and evaluative colouring, and communicative intention. The analysis shows that equivalent translation, modulation, lexical substitution, adaptation, calquing, compression, and paraphrasing are among the most frequently employed strategies. Their choice depends on the type and function of a linguistic unit and on the need to preserve its linguocultural and pragmatic potential. Particular attention is paid to humor, phraseological units, diminutives, colloquial vocabulary, irony, hyperbole, repetition, and rhetorical constructions. The study demonstrates that effective subtitling involves not mechanical reproduction of linguistic forms but functional and pragmatic adaptation aimed at preserving the cultural specificity and communicative impact of the original.