CONVERGENT AND DIVERGENT FEATURES OF PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH RIDDLES AND SPECIFICITY OF THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

Abstract

To be considered folklore, a phenomenon must have certain characteristics, namely: to have an anonymous origin, to be ancient and popular, to be used and shared by many people in a certain region, to be spread orally.

A riddle is a very ancient literary form, which mainly consists of a question and an answer (key). Another common type of riddles acquires a more descriptive-narrative character and in its popular versions is often presented in rhyming poems.

Riddles are directly related to the play of words and ambiguous semantic associations. In ancient times, solving riddles was considered the effort of scientists and sages. Nowadays, it is an entertainment for people of any age.

There are many types of riddles, each of which has its own model of creation and method of decoding. The structure of riddles is simple, in the vast majority they consist of only two sentences (question and answer), and they give the most obvious characteristics of the object that needs to be guessed.

These language units can have both interrogative and less often affirmative forms, can be rhyming or not, confusing and tricky or extremely simple, although this is not a complete list of possible variants of riddles structure in Portuguese, Spanish and Ukrainian languages, which served as empirical material for this study. In general, the convergence of basic forms is observed in Portuguese, Spanish, and Ukrainian riddles, but at the same time there are differences (divergent features). Riddles are often constructed in such a way as to create the impression of a paradox, confusing everyone who hears or reads them.

The problem to translate Portuguese and Spanish riddles into Ukrainian is multifaceted and consists, first of all, in reproducing the play of words, as the leveling of the latter affects not only the purpose of the original, but also completely blurs the meaning of the riddle.

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